Category Archives: photographs

photographs

Climbing Mont Blanc 1908

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The Graphic Arts Collection holds a set of 125 French stereoscopic glass slides depicting mountaineers ascending and descending Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps, in the summer of 1908. The date is significant because that was the year a railroad opened to Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (or Chamonix), a resort area near the junction of France, Switzerland and Italy. The tourist industry grew quickly offering visitors spectacular views, exceptional alpine skiing, and dangerous glacial climbs.

The Office de Tourisme de la vallée de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc provides a brief history: “The first inn opens in 1770 and marks the early development of the hotel trade and the first mountaineering exploits. The conquest of mont Blanc in 1786, contributes to the demystification of the summits and seals the destiny of this mountain community. The influence of pre-romantic and romantic writers also helps to alleviate the fear of the unknown and consecrates the mountains as being an expression of nature totally preserved. The first luxury hotel was built in 1816 and the hotel industry continued to thrive through the 1800’s, crowned by 3 splendid palaces built in the early 1900’s.”

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Photographs of Princeton

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princeton photographsA box of full-plate glass negatives was found recently. It is unclear if the photographs are of Princeton High School or Princeton University or Princeton, New Jersey. Perhaps a mixture.

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Giving away your collection with the collection catalogue

dangerous women“I started buying snapshots and vernacular photos, almost twenty-five years ago,” writes New York collector Peter Cohen. “Since then I’ve amassed a substantial collection. I always bought what I liked . . . I hope that the images on this site will be enjoyed by yet a larger group of people.” http://www.pjcohencollection.com/

dangerous women2Three years ago, Cohen went even further, publishing an unassuming volume of snapshots entitled Dangerous Women (Pittsburgh: Spaces Corners, 2013. Marquand Library N7433.4.C375 C64 2013). Not only can you enjoy images from his personal collection but slipped into the middle of each book, in a tiny glassine envelope, is an individual photograph. Buy the book and you get part of the actual collection.

dangerous women1Next month, the eclectic journal Esopus (Marquand NX460.E86Q) will include over 100 anonymous and vernacular photographs from Cohen’s collection. We are all welcome at the issue’s launch party on Wednesday, May 11, 2016 at the Museum of Modern Art or simply cross the plaza to Marquand Library to enjoy it. http://www.esopus.org/

Gentile’s Carbon Print of Sheridan

carbon print2 In the September 1877 issue of the Philadelphia Photographer, Edward L. Wilson (1838-1903) published the first carbon print in an American magazine. Wilson was not shy about discouraging his readers from attempting this complicated printing process but did want to show an example in his magazine.

The Naples-born photographer Carlo Gentile (1835-1893), best known for his portraits of Native American Indians, was one of the few photographers to purchase a patent for the carbon process and experimented with permanent prints. When his work won a first prize in February of 1877, Gentile offered to make enough copies for Wilson to paste one into each issue of his magazine. This was not completed until late August, appearing in the September issue.out-3

Gentile’s photograph is titled “Lieutenant-General P.H. Sheridan of the United States Army and staff; Military Division of the Missouri.” Having succeeded Sherman as commander of the Division of the Missouri, Philip Henry Sheridan (1831-1888) led a massive campaign against the American Indians of the southern plains from 1874 to 1875. Two years later, when he posed for this photograph, Sheridan had also concluded a campaign against tribes in the northern plains.

To help explain the photograph, Wilson published a letter from Gentile along with the print. It reads in part:

“The original picture, from which the illustration is taken, is made 30 by 40 inches; was exhibited in New York in February and was awarded the first prize for composition pictures in carbon.

The portraits were, of course, all taken separate, and so that the perspective would be correct when grouped. This picture was made without any original sketch, and some of our best Chicago painters say that the group is excellent. The group is intended to represent General P. H. Sheridan and staff at some military post ‘out West.’ The General is supposed to have just arrived and he and his staff requested to sit for their photographs, and no attempt has been made to make it appear that they are doing anything else.

The background is composed of some artillery that belongs to the militia of the State of Illinois, who were the same uniform as the United States regulars, consequently come in very a propos for a group to compose the picture of the General; of course the artillery men were taken in the attitude of firing the gun, which they are doing in honor of the arrival of the distinguished visitor, and thereby giving action to the picture.

The landscape background is made up from photographs from two different views in Arizona Territory; the right-hand, showing the tents, was taken at Camp Crittenden, in the heart of the Apache country, and the mountains in the background are the Santa Rita, near the borders of Mexico.

One of the most important objects, a little in the rear of the staff of the General, is the famous horse ‘Winchester,’ too well known to need any mention.”

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This volume of the Philadelphia Photographer was a gift from David H. McAlpin, class of 1920; and was previously owned by the Camera Club of New York (sold in 1955). Graphic Arts Collection (hsv) 2007 0008M

See also: Cesare R. Marino, The Remarkable Carlo Gentile: pioneer Italian photographer of the American frontier (Nevada City, Calif.: Carl Mautz Publishing, 1998). Marquand Library (SAPH): Photography TR140.G413 M374 1998

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As dainty an edition of Marmion as any lady can desire.

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Walter Scott (1717-1832), Marmion, a Tale of Flodden Field (London: A. W. Bennett, 1866). 15 albumen silver prints by Thomas Annan (1829-1887). Graphic Arts Collection GAX 2016- in process

annan scott3An 1865 article in the London Examiner entitled “Gift Books” noted:

“Mr Alfred W Bennett stands foremost among the London publishers as a producer of beautiful Christmas books illustrated by photography. He chooses for illustration books that are worth having and keeping, and that admit of the best and most legitimate sort of sun-painting for adornment of the text.

Printing his text and binding it with luxurious good taste, he enriches it with so liberal a supply of mounted photographs of the best quality, that the pictures alone are almost if not altogether worth the price of the book they illustrate. . . Mr Bennett’s other photographic book is a gay and luxurious edition of Scott’s Marmion, illustrated with smaller photographic views by Mr Thomas Annan, of Norham, Warkworth, Bamborough, Crichtoun, and Bothwell Castles, Holyrood Palace, Tantallon Hold, Durham Cathedral, Lindisfarne Priory, and Whitby and Dunfermline Abbeys, Linlithgow Palace, and Twizel Bridge; a photograph of Scott’s monument at Edinburgh, serving as frontispiece.

The book is richly bound in gold and scarlet, has initial letters to each canto illustrated in woodcut, and is as dainty an edition of Marmion as any lady can desire. Its images of the scenery that lay in Scott’s own mind as that of the poem suggest the right background of local colour to the fancy of the reader.”–The Examiner, No. 3017, 25 November 1865, p. 746.
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We recently acquired the first edition of Sir Walter Scott’s book with photographic illustrations by Thomas Annan, including his view of Linlithgow Palace, reflected in the Loch. A notebook of Thomas Annan’s at the Mitchell Library, Glasgow shows a drawing of Linlithgow Palace dated 24th May 1862.

“The sketch at Linlithgow shows the composition proposed and the time of day to make the desired image is indicated. . . . Below the sketch is a note which indicates Annan’s concern about perspective and distance and the problem of relating foreground to middle and background, confirming his awareness of compositional rules in painting.”

This approach suggests that Annan was visiting at least some locations prior to photographing to get an impression of the aspect and light, before addressing the logistics of arriving at the desired time with his bulky photographic equipment.–Roddy Simpson, The Photography of Victorian Scotland, 2012. Firestone TR61 .S467 2012.

annan scott2The quote on the cover comes from this stanza:

Well was he armed from head to heel
In mail and plate of Milan steel;
But his strong helm, of mighty cost
Was all with burnished gold embossed;
Amid the plumage of the crest
A falcon hovered on her nest
With wings outspread, and forward breast;
E’en such a falcon, on his shiel
Soared sable in an azure field:
The golden legion bore aright
Who checks at me to death is dight.
Blue was the charger’s broidered rein;
Blue ribbons decked his arching mane;
The knightly housing’s ample fold,
Was velvet blue, and trapped with gold.

 

John Stewart, Landscape Photographer

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photography trees4John Stewart and and James Mitchell, Photographs of Trees &c. taken during the Excursions with The Andersonian Naturalists’ Society, &c., 1888–90. 3 volumes containing 136 albumen prints, each titled, numbered and dated in ink or pencil below.Graphic Arts Collection 2016- in process.

photography trees2The Graphic Arts Collection recently acquired three unassuming photography albums, each with a printed label on the front pastedown that reads: “Copies of these Photographs may be had at any time, on application to James Mitchell, Con. Photo. Committee, 240 Darnley St, Pollokshields. Silver prints, Unmounted, … 5 d. each… Mounted, … 8 d. Platinotype Prints (Permanent), Unmounted, 10 d. … Mounted, 1s.” Each volume also has a smaller label: “John Stewart, Landscape & General Photographers. Largs.” and price list in manuscript ink on back pastedown.

The albums hold a sequence of photographs dated from March 1888 to March 1890, although those by John Stewart (1814-1887) would have been taken earlier. The prints focus mainly on the specimen trees studied and admired by the Andersonian Naturalists, a Glasgow organization. The volumes are clearly intended as a form of sample or sales catalogue. The price lists offers the photographs in several formats including lantern slides and mounted or unmounted paper prints. “While primarily a study of the trees, for which the group were prepared to travel from the southwest of Scotland to the twin beeches at Rosehall in Sutherland, these little volumes also describe something of the pleasure the group took in these travels.”–dealer’s note.

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John Stewart has been identified as the younger brother of John Herschel’s Scottish wife, Margaret (“Maggie”) Stewart. “Together with his brothers, he entered the printing business in London, and in 1839 he married a childhood Scottish friend, a resident of France in delicate health. This was one factor in his living mainly in Pau in southwest France, a favored area for recuperation and also a hotbed of photographic activity. It is not known when or why Stewart first took up photography, but his close relationship with Herschel could have encouraged him. Once in Pau he fell into the circle of unusually active amateurs who employed waxed paper. Stewart’s entries in the London exhibitions of the Society of Arts in 1852, the Photographic Institution in 1854, and the Photographic Society in 1855 were all views taken in the Pyrenees.“–Roger Taylor and Larry J. Schaaf, Impressed by Light (2007).stewart“Deaths” Times (London) August 3, 1887.

The Stage and its Stars

stage and stars6Miss Ellen Terry as Portia
stage and stars7Sarah Bernhardt as Mrs. Clarkson
stage and stars2Howard Paul (1835-1905), The Stage and its Stars Past and Present: a Gallery of Dramatic Illustration and Critical Biographies of Distinguished English and American Actors from the Time of Shakespeare till Today, edited by Howard Paul and George Gebbie; [with] 128 photogravure portraits and scenes from steel plates, and over 400 portraits in the text (Philadelphia: Gebbie, 1887). 28 parts unbound. Graphic Arts Collection GAX in process
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stage and stars8The Merchant of Venice
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stage and stars5“The work will contain in all 112 steel engravings, part by etching and part by photogravure, and about 500 engravings on wood. it will be issued in twenty-eight parts at one dollar each; each part will contain 4 steel plates; each plate will be accompanied by descriptive text, and each number will contain at least 8 pages of illustrated biography of the actors and history of the Stage. One number will be issued monthly until the whole is completed. no subscriber’s name will be taken for less than the entire work. the work is payable when delivered by our agents; no cash is to be paid in advance, and no credit given. We will guarantee that the work will be in every respect equal to the samples shown by our agents, and no representation outside this statement of terms and condition will be binding on the publishers.”–prospectus
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In Scripture Lands: New Views of Sacred Places

phil photographer6In 1882 the American journalist Edward Wilson traveled to the Middle East. His obituary described this as “the largest photographic expedition ever attempted in those countries, visiting and photographing through Egypt, Arabia and Palestine. Returning to America he utilized the vast source of pictorial material thus secured in the lecture field and in the preparation of articles for The Century and Scribner’s Magazine, His exploration of the buried city of Petra in Arabia was recognized by savants as a distinct achievement. In recognition of the value of his work in the East, as supplying lost links in Biblical history, the Washington and Jefferson College of Pennsylvania honored him with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.” —Wilson’s Photographic magazine July 1903.

Wilson’s glass negatives were transported and stored for ten months before printing yet the resulting prints are crisp and powerful. He published this print in his own magazine Wilson’s Photographic Magazine (previously The Philadelphia Photographer) with the following explanation:

We offer our readers this month another memento of our Nile travel. The picture before us is a view in the Nubian district. Sailing along the Nile towards the cataracts, there suddenly burst upon the astonished vision of the traveler one of the most lovely sights imaginable; a scene fantastic as a dream, an echo of the past reflected in the present. …The view before us was taken from the top of the famous temple of Isis, on the Island of Philae, and presents in the immediate foreground the ruined kiosk of their goddess, whose mysteries were worshiped over the whole of Egypt, and even found devout votaries among the most distinguished of the Greeks and Romans. Winding about this lovely gem; we see the Nile flowing in beautiful curves, and in the distance the Nubian hills. It may be of interest to know that the little steamboat which lies moored has since been lost.

The plates upon which the subject was made were six in number, every one of which turned out perfectly satisfactory, although the exposures were made in the month of January 1882 and not developed until the following October. Having survived all the vicissitudes of travel, they revealed to us again when placed in the developing tray, a renewed impression of the beautiful scene we had beheld, and we trust that our readers may gain an adequate idea of its loveliness from the beautiful print we present them in this number.

After a series of articles in Century Magazine, 150 of Wilson’s Middle Eastern photographs were engraved on wood and published by Scribner’s as In Scripture Lands: New Views of Sacred Places (1890). Firestone recap 1793.977wilson book

Actors prints

actor6James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862), Love chase. Julia Marlowe as Constance, no date, ca 1896. Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00296.

Thanks to research by the Library Company of Philadelphia, we know that George Gebbie (1832-1892) was a Philadelphia and New York bookseller and publisher of fine art books and prints. Gebbie immigrated to the United States in 1863 and resided in Utica, New York and New York City before locating to Philadelphia around 1866. Gebbie also formed the firms Gebbie & Barries (1873-1880) and Gebbie & Co. (1881-1907).

In 1887, he published a two-volume set of 128 photogravure actor portraits entitled The Stage and its Stars (Annex A, Forrestal Oversize 35771.702f). “A gallery of dramatic illustration and critical biographies of distinguished English and American Actors from the time of Shakespeare till to-day.” Many of these were produced and sold separately from his Philadelphia shop.

Here are a few.

actor5John Philip Kemble as Cato. Cato – Act V. Scene 1 ([Philadelphia]: Gebbie & Co., no date). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00293.

actor3Ada Rehan & Miss Dreher as Mrs. Ford & Mistress Page. The Merry Wives of Windsor. Act II. Scene. I ([Philadelphia] : Gebbie & Husson Co., no date). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00272.

actor1Edwin Booth as Hamlet, act III scene I ([Philadelphia]: Gebbie & Co., 1887). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00287

 

actor4It is interesting how similar the American photogravures are from the earlier English mezzotints. Here is a mezzotint by Thomas Goff Lupton (1791-1873) after a painting by George Henry Harlow (1787-1819), Charles Kemble, no date. Mezzotint. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00284.

Who Were Frith’s Assistants?

frith9 It is often repeated that Francis Frith (1822-1898) traveled in Egypt with an entourage of assistants and staff. We know at least one of the English members of the team, Francis Herbert Wenham (1824-1908) seen at the right and possibly Wenham’s wife since Frith, pictured with the gun, was not yet married. But who were the other assistants and what role did they play in making these photographs?

Frith made three journeys to the Middle East. His first trip was in 1856, photographing the statues and ruins of Egypt. The sale of these photographs financed his next trip to Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in late 1857. Frith published the second group of images in various formats between 1858 and 1860. In the summer of 1859, Frith returned to Egypt for one final expedition.

We pulled Egypt and Palestine with his 1857 prints for the ART 454 Seminar in the History of Photography taught by Anna Arabindan Kesson and Anne McCauley, which gave us the opportunity to look at the people who accompanied Frith on his trip. Unfortunately, none of them are identified by name in the text.
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In his book Francis Frith in Egypt and Palestine, Douglas Nickel writes, “Frith incorporated staffage natives–“designedly place.” as he indicates–into about half of the images in his albums. These inclusions are not systematic or uniform–they vary in number and in the manner of deployment within the scene, for instance, and the figures often, but not always, represent various hired members of Frith’s traveling party. Visually, the figures are (with the exception of the party’s dragoman guide) undifferentiable as Turks, Arabs, Nubians, etc.; here again, they are meant to serve as one synthetic type, the Oriental.”

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frith3Francis Frith self-portrait
frithFrancis Frith (18-18 ), Egypt and Palestine (London; New York : J.S. Virtue, [1858-1859?]). Graphic Arts Collection (GAX) Oversize 2006-0144F

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