In Scripture Lands: New Views of Sacred Places

phil photographer6In 1882 the American journalist Edward Wilson traveled to the Middle East. His obituary described this as “the largest photographic expedition ever attempted in those countries, visiting and photographing through Egypt, Arabia and Palestine. Returning to America he utilized the vast source of pictorial material thus secured in the lecture field and in the preparation of articles for The Century and Scribner’s Magazine, His exploration of the buried city of Petra in Arabia was recognized by savants as a distinct achievement. In recognition of the value of his work in the East, as supplying lost links in Biblical history, the Washington and Jefferson College of Pennsylvania honored him with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.” —Wilson’s Photographic magazine July 1903.

Wilson’s glass negatives were transported and stored for ten months before printing yet the resulting prints are crisp and powerful. He published this print in his own magazine Wilson’s Photographic Magazine (previously The Philadelphia Photographer) with the following explanation:

We offer our readers this month another memento of our Nile travel. The picture before us is a view in the Nubian district. Sailing along the Nile towards the cataracts, there suddenly burst upon the astonished vision of the traveler one of the most lovely sights imaginable; a scene fantastic as a dream, an echo of the past reflected in the present. …The view before us was taken from the top of the famous temple of Isis, on the Island of Philae, and presents in the immediate foreground the ruined kiosk of their goddess, whose mysteries were worshiped over the whole of Egypt, and even found devout votaries among the most distinguished of the Greeks and Romans. Winding about this lovely gem; we see the Nile flowing in beautiful curves, and in the distance the Nubian hills. It may be of interest to know that the little steamboat which lies moored has since been lost.

The plates upon which the subject was made were six in number, every one of which turned out perfectly satisfactory, although the exposures were made in the month of January 1882 and not developed until the following October. Having survived all the vicissitudes of travel, they revealed to us again when placed in the developing tray, a renewed impression of the beautiful scene we had beheld, and we trust that our readers may gain an adequate idea of its loveliness from the beautiful print we present them in this number.

After a series of articles in Century Magazine, 150 of Wilson’s Middle Eastern photographs were engraved on wood and published by Scribner’s as In Scripture Lands: New Views of Sacred Places (1890). Firestone recap 1793.977wilson book

Actors prints

actor6James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862), Love chase. Julia Marlowe as Constance, no date, ca 1896. Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00296.

Thanks to research by the Library Company of Philadelphia, we know that George Gebbie (1832-1892) was a Philadelphia and New York bookseller and publisher of fine art books and prints. Gebbie immigrated to the United States in 1863 and resided in Utica, New York and New York City before locating to Philadelphia around 1866. Gebbie also formed the firms Gebbie & Barries (1873-1880) and Gebbie & Co. (1881-1907).

In 1887, he published a two-volume set of 128 photogravure actor portraits entitled The Stage and its Stars (Annex A, Forrestal Oversize 35771.702f). “A gallery of dramatic illustration and critical biographies of distinguished English and American Actors from the time of Shakespeare till to-day.” Many of these were produced and sold separately from his Philadelphia shop.

Here are a few.

actor5John Philip Kemble as Cato. Cato – Act V. Scene 1 ([Philadelphia]: Gebbie & Co., no date). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00293.

actor3Ada Rehan & Miss Dreher as Mrs. Ford & Mistress Page. The Merry Wives of Windsor. Act II. Scene. I ([Philadelphia] : Gebbie & Husson Co., no date). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00272.

actor1Edwin Booth as Hamlet, act III scene I ([Philadelphia]: Gebbie & Co., 1887). Photogravure. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00287

 

actor4It is interesting how similar the American photogravures are from the earlier English mezzotints. Here is a mezzotint by Thomas Goff Lupton (1791-1873) after a painting by George Henry Harlow (1787-1819), Charles Kemble, no date. Mezzotint. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2013.00284.

Camera Obscura

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camera obscura2The Graphic Arts Collection’s portable camera obscura.

camera obscura3There are a surprising number of events this spring related to the camera obscura.

A temporary installation “Camera Obscura/Gowanus,” produced by The Vanderbilt Republic and created by George Del Barrio and Ashton Worthington, ends this weekend. The installation is described by the pair as a “3,000-square-foot epistemic machine powered by the sun, capturing an ephemeral Brooklyn panorama and personal moment in time.” Del Barrio and Worthington transformed a loft on 9th Street into a building-size camera obscura, projecting inverted live images on the walls.

DSCN4774 (2)At the bottom of the inverted image, you can see the F train passing outside the building.

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Two workshop are being held in March, which will help you build your own camera obscura. The first, titled Vanitas, Fleeting Time, with artist Amy-Claire Huestis will be held on Saturday, March 5th, from 12:00 to 5:00 at Morbid Anatomy Museum, 424 Third Avenue, 11215 Brooklyn. Tickets: http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/2492722. They write, “A glimpse through the 17th century eye. Be fascinated as you look into the little screen of your own portable camera obscura this hands-on workshop provides a lively experience with history in a hands-on exploration of optical media used in Western European Painting.”

The second workshop, called Domestic Obscura, with Liz Sales will begin at noon on Saturday, March 12, 2016. “This free workshop will take a quick look at the history, theory, and practice of the camera obscura. Together you will create a camera obscura projected onto a large screen at Booklyn.” This event was organized in conjunction with Qiana Mestrich’s exhibition Hard to Place. Booklyn, 37 Greenpoint Avenue, Brooklyn http://booklyn.org/

Finally, the international Camera Obscura Project will be involved in further exhibitions and off-site projects with the Kamloops Art Gallery and the University of Lethbridge’s Art Gallery in 2016. More information on this project coming soon: http://www.midnightsuncameraobscura.com/index.html

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Grover Cleveland Caricature Revisited

minstrel6With sincere thanks to Professor Anthony Chase, theater critic, columnist for Artvoice and The Public, and Assistant Dean in the School of Arts & Humanities, SUNY Buffalo State, we are reposting this lithograph cut from Judge magazine.

As Dr. Chase instructs, “If you look at the image, it clearly depicts President Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in blackface, with Senator Arthur Pue Gorman of Maryland and Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard also in blackface, playing banjos. The title, Grand Opening of Cleveland, Gorman, and Bayard’s Minstrels is actually satirical and because Bayard died in 1889, I would expect that 1887 or 1888 is the more accurate date of this fantastic print.”

minstrel5Once enlarged, the names of each politician active during Cleveland’s presidency can be seen on their collars. On the right:

John Griffin Carlisle (1834-1910) served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1883 to 1889 and was a leader of the conservative wing of the party.

Henry Watterson (1840-1921) was a United States journalist and editor for the Louisville Courier-Journal. He also served part of one term in the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat.

Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn (1838-1918) was a Democratic Representative and Senator from Kentucky.

William Crowninshield Endicott (1826-1900) served as Secretary of War in Grover Cleveland’s Administration.

Hugh McLaughlin (1827-1904) was the head of the Democratic Party in Brooklyn, New York.
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minstrel3On the left:
Arthur Pue Gorman (1839-1906) was a United States Senator from Maryland, serving from 1881 to 1899 and from 1903 to 1906. He was a prominent leader of the Democratic Party.

Samuel Jackson Randall (1828-1890) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, serving as the 29th Speaker of the House and was twice a contender for his party’s nomination for President of the United States.

Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1825-1893) was a United States Representative and Senator, serving as United States Secretary of the Interior in the first administration of Cleveland, as well as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Samuel Sullivan “Sunset” Cox (1824-1889) represented both Ohio and New York in the United States House of Representatives. In 1885, Cleveland appointed him U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which last one year. Cox was again elected to Congress representing New York and served until his death.

Abram Stevens Hewitt (1822-1903) was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1876 to 1877, U.S. Congressman, and a mayor of New York.
minstrel2Grover Cleveland is at the center.

The artist is Bernhard Gillam (1856-1896) who provided cartoons to the New York Graphic, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Harper’s Weekly, and Puck Magazine. He later became director-in-chief for Judge, where he continued to draw caricatures of American politicians. Each one was lithographed in four or five colors by the New York firm of Sackett & Wilhelms.
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Bernard Gillam (1856-1896), Grand Opening of Cleveland, Gorman and Bayard’s Minstrels at Washington, no date [1880s]. Color lithograph. Graphic Arts Collection GA 2012.02692

New Posada Online

posadaHere is a link to the new Posada database posted by Dr. Ricarda Musser at the Ibero-American Institute – Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin: http://digital.iai.spk-berlin.de/viewer/collections/joseposada/. The collection includes hojas volantes and folletos.

This is helpful to us since the Graphic Arts Collection only holds one print by Posada:

posada2Jose Guadalupe Posada (1852-1913), Calaveras zalameras de las coquetas meseras (Mexico: Por la Testamentaria de A. Vanegas Arroyo, no date (ca. 1917)). Graphic Arts Collection GA2007.03749

The Princeton University Art Museum has several works attributed to Posada: http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections
189aded5673fbc4c6aa18e666037e822

Pense-Bête

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broodthardsThe Graphic Arts Collection is fortunate to have acquired copy 28 of the 100 newly published facsimiles of Marcel Broodthaers’s classic Pense-Bête. The Granary Books publication is modeled on several examples of the original collaged edition. Elizabeth Zuba translated the poems into English with Maria Gilissen Broodthaers. The edition was produced by Steve Clay and Diane Bertolo, it was printed letterpress by Philip Gallo at The Hermetic Press, and hand-bound by Judith Ivry.

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Quoted from Granary Books website: “Pense-Bête is the fourth book of poetry by Marcel Broodthaers (1924-1976). It was written 1962-63 and printed in an edition of 100 in December 1963–January 1964. Its title is a French term for a memory aid or visual reminder, such as a string tied around one’s finger, yet when pronounced it translates literally to “think beast” or “think stupid” and signals the frolicsome bestiary of poems within, a group of poems that play with the shared condition of humanity and the animal kingdom.

After selling a number of copies of Pense-Bête, Broodthaers decided to collage some of the book’s texts with a variety of rectangles and squares of colored paper. In some cases, the paper obstructs part of the poem and in others, one may lift the paper to read the text underneath.

In the spring of 1964, furthering his effort to physicalize the language of this book, Broodthaers set the last packet (50 copies) of Pense-Bête into plaster and in the process created one of the most important and influential works of his career, a decisive turn toward the concretization of language through the “plastic” or visual arts.”

http://www.granarybooks.com/book/1184/Marcel_Broodthaers+PenseBete/

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This facsimile was produced to coincide with the exhibition Marcel Broodthaers: A Retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.

Also coinciding with the exhibition are activities organized by Joe Scanlan, Director and Professor of Visual Arts at the Lewis Center for the Arts: http://www.broodthaers.us/index.php?id=142

How to pronounce Broodthaers: http://forvo.com/word/broodthaers/

BroodthaersSet in plaster

 

Who Were Frith’s Assistants?

frith9 It is often repeated that Francis Frith (1822-1898) traveled in Egypt with an entourage of assistants and staff. We know at least one of the English members of the team, Francis Herbert Wenham (1824-1908) seen at the right and possibly Wenham’s wife since Frith, pictured with the gun, was not yet married. But who were the other assistants and what role did they play in making these photographs?

Frith made three journeys to the Middle East. His first trip was in 1856, photographing the statues and ruins of Egypt. The sale of these photographs financed his next trip to Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in late 1857. Frith published the second group of images in various formats between 1858 and 1860. In the summer of 1859, Frith returned to Egypt for one final expedition.

We pulled Egypt and Palestine with his 1857 prints for the ART 454 Seminar in the History of Photography taught by Anna Arabindan Kesson and Anne McCauley, which gave us the opportunity to look at the people who accompanied Frith on his trip. Unfortunately, none of them are identified by name in the text.
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In his book Francis Frith in Egypt and Palestine, Douglas Nickel writes, “Frith incorporated staffage natives–“designedly place.” as he indicates–into about half of the images in his albums. These inclusions are not systematic or uniform–they vary in number and in the manner of deployment within the scene, for instance, and the figures often, but not always, represent various hired members of Frith’s traveling party. Visually, the figures are (with the exception of the party’s dragoman guide) undifferentiable as Turks, Arabs, Nubians, etc.; here again, they are meant to serve as one synthetic type, the Oriental.”

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frith3Francis Frith self-portrait
frithFrancis Frith (18-18 ), Egypt and Palestine (London; New York : J.S. Virtue, [1858-1859?]). Graphic Arts Collection (GAX) Oversize 2006-0144F

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How to Build an Automaton

mechique4http://rbsc.princeton.edu/pathebaby/node/2286

 

mechiquePathe-Magazine Revue Universelle des Sciences, Arts, Industries, Voyages, & Sports, No. 38

Approximately 1 1/2 minutes into this newsreel, there is a segment on the building of an automaton. The title frames are held for a long time but you can stop the film to see the actual work on the figure.

Title frames transcribed for that section:
The Art of Mechanics. Automated Mannequins. The body of the mannequin is first modeled by the artist then molded in a plaster mold. A complicated mechanism gives the impression of life. The anatomy of the smoker. The machine produces smoke. A perfected subject.
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Les Déboires d’un piéton

pathe23http://rbsc.princeton.edu/pathebaby/node/2895

Les Déboires d’un piéton (The troubles of a pedestrian) French silent movie, 1922. Drawn by Lortac and Landelle. Pathe Baby Collection, Princeton University Library.

Transcribed title frames:
The troubles of a pedestrian. Animated cartoons by Lortac and Landelle. Sir prepares himself to tour on his feet the property. Pouah! the horror!… Boor! Reckless driver!. The driver, hurt by the insult, decides to run-over the pedestrian to teach him a lesson. Ah! you will not get me, miserable crusher! I dodged the bullet! Moral of the story: Avoid drivers who drive like madmen, but if you are scared you’d better stay at home. The end.

pathe22This is a rare animated short by the French artist and filmmaker Robert Collard (1884-1973), who used the pseudonym Lortac. Collard established the first organized animation studio, Publi-Ciné, in Montrouge around 1919, working with a number of collaborators. For more see Giannalberto Bendazzi, Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations – The Golden Age (2015). Here is a good biography of Collard: http://www.lips.org/bio_Lortac_GB.html

This is one of nearly 800 French silent movies that have been digitized and can be viewed online at http://rbsc.princeton.edu/pathebaby/
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Dickens Travels to Paris

lesclipse2Caricaturist André Gill (born Louis-Alexandre Gosset de Guînes, 1840-1885) drew for the weekly newspaper La Lune from 1865 until 1868 when it was banned and then, for its successor L’Éclipse until 1876. Most issues featured a cover lithograph by Gill of the famous French authors, scientists, actors, and artists of the day. Giuseppe Garibaldi, Charles Dickens, and Richard Wagner were some of the few non-French celebrities honored with a portrait.

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) appeared on the cover of the June 14, 1868 issue, seen carrying his books over to France. He made a visit that month to see a Paris production of No Thoroughfare and perhaps, give a reading (noted in The Pilgrim Edition of the Letters of Charles Dickens: Volume 12: 1868-1870).
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L’Eclipse. Paris: [s.n.], 1e année, no 1 (26 janv. 1868)-9e année, no 400 (25 juin 1876). Graphic Arts Collection (GAX) 2010-0021E

 

Some of Gill’s other portraits include Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) on July 2, 1870 and Gustave Doré (1832-1883) on May 3, 1868 (note: this is a supplement to the regular issue for that date, which featured the French critic Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-1869) holding a large ham.).
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If you go to Paris today, be sure to visit the tiny street: Rue André Gill in Montmartre, see the statue at the far left. You might even stay at the Hotel André Gill located there.Andre-Gill-street